​Preventing Diabetic Kidney Disease

Preventing Diabetic Kidney Disease

Disclaimer: This following information is not provided to you by a medical profession but by a non-medical third party and does not in any well replace any advice given to you by such professionals.

In October 2010, I attended a presentation given by Dr. Ray O’Connor on Diabetic Kidney Disease. I’m getting to the stage in my life where I don’t want to rely on luck alone to stave off the complications of diabetes and even though I trust my endo; I want to know more about the medical side of things myself. I am passing along the information that he provided.

 

Dr. O’Connor is a full time general practitioner (GP) who has a special interest in diabetes and he is also, among other things, the chairperson of a task force in the mid-west of Ireland to co-ordinate diabetes care in the region.

 

He introduced his topic by stating that most people who have kidney disease do not have any symptoms and feel well. In the image to the right, the part of the iceberg we see above water represents the number of people who know they have kidney disease and the part of the iceberg represents the people who do not know they have kidney disease.

 

What is Diabetic Kidney Disease?

 

Diabetic kidney disease affects 20-30% of people with diabetes (Type 1 & Type 2).

When the kidneys are working well, tiny filters in your kidneys, the glomeruli, keep blood proteins inside your body. You need these proteins to stay healthy. High blood glucose and high blood pressure damage the kidneys' filters. When the kidneys are damaged, proteins leak out of the kidneys into the urine. Damaged kidneys do not do a good job of filtering out wastes and extra fluid. Waste and fluid build-up in your blood instead of leaving the body in urine. With more damage, the kidneys leak more and more protein. More and more wastes build up in the blood. This damage gets worse until the kidneys fail.

 

What’s that Microalbuminuria all about?

 

The first sign of Kidney disease will appear when the blood vessels start to leak Microalbuminuria (little bits of protein) in the urine. A normal level of Microalbuminuria is less than 2.5. The test to detect if any microalbuminuria is present is called a Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR) and is done through a urine sample and should be done once a year in all people who have diabetes.

 

How does your doctor screen for Diabetic Kidney Disease?

 

Your doctor should take a urine sample once a year to have it tested for the Albumin:Creatinine Ratio. A result of less than 2.5 is normal. A result of between 2.5 and 25 is stage 1 kidney disease and a result greater than 25 is stage 2.

 

How should we prevention Kidney Disease?

 

Keeping our blood vessels healthy will help keep your kidneys healthy. We do this by;
  • Keeping our Blood Pressure under control, using ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors or ARBs (angiotensin receptor blocker), if necessary. Simply reducing our Blood Pressure with other medicines is effective also,
·         Good glucose control,

 

·         Restriction of dietary protein may be helpful,

 

·         Stop smoking will relieve the pressure on our blood vessels,

 

·         Cholesterol control,

 

·         Lifestyle modifications are helpful too. 

 

¾     Weight loss

 

¾     Exercise

 

¾     Reduction of protein

 

¾     Reduction of salt

 

¾     Reduction of alcohol

 

Conclusion

 

Dr. O’Connor summed up his presentation with these few points below that were easy to remember.

 

·         Get your urine tested for the Albumin : Creatinine Ratio (A:C Ration) at least once a year and Blood Pressure checked regularly

 

·         Keep your sugars controlled

 

·         Take your medication

 

·         Don’t smoke

 

·         Work on your lifestyle

I think it's safe to say that I have not done his presentation justice; you kinda had to be there to absorb the full impact and everyone who did attend walked out with more knowledge and more motivation to take control of their diabetes.

What should I eat now I have diabetes?

I was at a diabetes information evening last week and we listened to an extremely eloquent and knowledgeable dietitian give a presentation on the most commonly asked questions from people with diabetes.

I started to think about how much focus there is on food when you have diabetes and why this question is always asked, in multiple forms, so many times.

It’s one of the first questions a person asks themselves, irrelevant to what type of diabetes they have, when they get home from the hospital or doctor’s office after being told they have diabetes is “What should I be eating now?”

The answer to this question is different for everyone because each one of us lives very different lives. Some of us work outside the home, some of us don’t, some of us have children and some of us don’t.

So when you ask a dietitian “what should I eat?” The answer will be very general, long and contain a huge amount of information. (S)he loses our attention on sentence three because  it’s not the quick fix/easy answer we were hoping for.

My point is that I don’t think asking this question benefits anyone with diabetes. I think we should be asking “what am I eating every day and how do I modify it?’ Thus, taking control of the situation ourselves and not looking to others for answers. AND not believing that we are going to lose all of our treats.

To find out what we eat every day, we need to keep a food and blood sugar diary for, at least, two weeks. We should do this because when you sit down at the end of the day and list try to remember what we ate we inevitably forget a number of things.

And we shouldn’t just record what we eat but how much of it! This is hugely important because we could be eating all the right things but if you eat more food (healthy or unhealthy) than your body uses up in the form of energy, you will gain weight or be overweight.

Once we have our two week diary, then we can take it to a dietitian and go through it together. (S)he will help us figure out where we fall down on our healthy eating plan and decide what small changes we can make that will benefit us most and smooth out the troughs and peeks in our blood sugars.

Summer Break – Help!

My children are finished school for the summer which means I don’t have as much time to myself as normal. I won’t be posting regularly over the next 6-8 weeks. But I will be back in September fully charged.

I want to thank you all for following the “Diabetes People” blog via FaceBook & Twitter. I know that there are so many Diabetes Blogs out there to keep people entertained and I wanted to thank all of you who value this one too.

I hope you all have a good summer and stay healthy.

Travel Tips from the Clare Type 1 Diabetes Group

In May, the Type 1 Diabetes Group in Clare discussed helpful tips when you are travelling. The following is a combination of tips from the Diabetes Australia and from the American Diabetes Association.

1. Carry a letter from your doctor stating your full name, address and date of birth, that you have diabetes and then listing the medications, insulin delivery devices (syringes, insulin pens or pumps) which you use and blood glucose testing equipment you use, and stating that you must be allowed to carry these with you at all times. Tip added by group; Make several copies of this letter and stash them everywhere.

2. Customs or Security Gates. If questioned about syringes or other diabetes equipment which you are carrying, stay calm, simply state that you have diabetes and explain what the devices are. Show the person the letter from your doctor. The Federal Aviation Authority trains all security staff in what people with diabetes must be allowed to carry. There is no need to ‘declare’ your supplies on domestic or international flights as they are entirely permitted.

3. Take a spare prescription. Always take prescriptions for all medications which you need, and which you are carrying with you. This will both assist you to get more supplies if needed, and reassure security officers that the medications are your own.

4. Bring plenty, if not double, the amount of diabetes supplies that you will need. Sometimes extreme climates can damage test strips and insulin, or if you get delayed at your destination on your way home (remember the ash cloud). It’s always wise to have some spares.

5. When flying carry all your diabetes supplies in your hand luggage. It can be difficult, though not impossible, to obtain all your diabetes supplies away from home if they are lost. Best to keep them close to hand so you don’t have to waste precious time traipsing around an unknown city.

6. Replacing lost supplies. If you do find yourself in this predicament, start with a major hospital’s emergency room which should be able to supply enough to get you through. Alternatively, phone the diabetes organisation where you are and ask someone to explain how you obtain diabetes supplies in their state/country. If heading overseas, you can find out contact details for the local organisation in advance by visiting the International Diabetes Federation’s website: www.idf.org

7. Wear ID. Make sure you have some form of identification which says that you have diabetes such as a Medicalert bracelet, on you, especially if traveling alone.

8. No need to request ‘diabetic’ meals on planes.

9. Always pack hypo supplies & Carb snacks - especially on long flights. Also, don’t be afraid to ask the flight attendant for a lemonade or extra food if you need it to treat a hypo.

10. Get Travel Insurance! It may seem like just another wad of euros which your travel agent is trying to extract from you but if only for your and your family’s peace of mind it could be the best investment you ever make. Make sure your insurance policy covers your diabetes. Some policies may exclude cover for long term medical conditions.

11. If you are travelling across time zones talk to your diabetes team about how to administer your insulin on the days that you travel and what to do once you arrive.

12. Don’t forget extra batteries for your meter.

Special considerations for amusement parks from the JDRF website.

If you are taking a child with type 1 diabetes to a major amusement park like Disney World/Land, the first thing you should do when you arrive is go to the guest relations office. Explain to the staff that your child has type 1 diabetes and must eat, check blood sugars, and/or take shots at specific times. Some of them will give you a pass that will get your family in the handicapped line for most rides, which will drastically cut the amount of time you will have to wait in lines. Bring a backpack with snacks, juices, water, and all your type 1 diabetes supplies. You may also want to pack meters and insulin pumps in waterproof bags so they don't get wet on water rides. If your child is relatively young, you can also rent a stroller for the day and stash supplies in there.
Many parents also suggest making reservations for sit-down meals at amusement park restaurants before leaving for your trip.”

A little bit of planning goes a long way towards a stress free and well earned holiday.

“Do you know a child or young person with Diabetes?”

If you do Diabetes Action needs your help. Please read on to find out why and how.

Most children and adolescents with diabetes have Type 1 Diabetes. This is an autoimmune disease, which means that for no apparent reason a child’s immune system decided to turn on it and destroy a crucial part of the body. In the case of Type 1 diabetes the immune system attacked the cells that make insulin. Insulin is needed to convert the food we eat into the energy we need to exist. The food, in particular the carbohydrate, we eat is converted into glucose and if the glucose isn’t converted into energy it poisons the body and eventually causes all sorts of organ failure and if untreated death.

Children and young people with Type 1 Diabetes must take insulin in the form of multiple daily injections and must test their blood glucose at least 4 times a day. They must attend outpatient clinics 4 – 5 times a year to monitor their diabetes. These children do attend their hospital appointments regionally however due to lack of resources to offer new treatments that control blood sugar and insulin levels about 50% are referred to the Paediatric Diabetes centres in Dublin, where services are inundated with referrals from children and adolescents with diabetes from the rest of Ireland.

To tackle this Diabetes Action is seeking the reorganisation of existing paediatric diabetes services so that up to date specialist care can be provided equally. The cost of this reorganisation is €750,000 but international studies have shown that improved control of diabetes in children and adolescents can lessen the development of costly complication in adulthood by as much at 76%.

“At present 50% of children and adolescents with diabetes develop some form of long term diabetes complication by the time they are adults. We can dramatically improve health outcomes and quality of life with a very modest investment and a reorganisation of services” says Prof. Hillary Hoey, leading paediatric endocrinologist.

Diabetes Action is asking all people with diabetes to log onto their website http://www.diabetesaction.ie/ and support this campaign for better services for children and young people with diabetes by sending an email to their local TD’s and senators to make representations to the HSE and to the Minister for Health seeking a reorganisation of services.

Diabetes Action asks that if you want to support this campaign but do not have access to the internet that you ask a family member or friend for help or visit the local library.

As of 17th June 2011, 1,200 people have used the advocacy web-site http://www.diabetesaction.ie/ to send over e-mail representations to TDs and Senators in the Oireachtas.

Children and adolescents with diabetes deserve services which will support them to lead a normal and productive life and without future ill health.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Log onto www.diabetesaction.ie now!!!